British internet firms ordered to block Pirate Bay

        sources: http://www.worldtvpc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/pirate-bay.jpg

       

       Nowadays, there are a lot of websites that provide file-sharing services and allow all of the internet users to access, download files without permission. So there are 5 internet services provider of top file-sharing website in Britain were forced to block, because they feel is unfair and unethical to musicians, musicians, sound engineers and video editors, and they deserve to be paid for their work just like everyone else. In other words, the websites that provide file-sharing service can be defined as violating the law of copyright.

Sources: http://allenmendelsohn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/copyrightcriminal.jpg

         According to PBS, copyright law is the law use to protect the original works of the owner from copy by people. An author, artist, musician, producer, or the owners of a file are usually protected by copyright law. To ensure every owner be protected, every users should purchase, or with permission in order to compensate them.

The artists and the musicians decide to distribute their music through sales of several media, and it's only because they are try to avoid those distribution channels that we are able to get songs for free online. (slashdot.com)

Sources: http://media.smashingmagazine.com/images/copyright/copyright-explained.jpg

       

        The issue of copyright is a not about the loss of copy suffers, but based on common sense that we should purchase for the file enjoy.

According to Matt Brundage, (2011), an unauthorized file sharing or without permission will make industry becomes unprofitable, such as pirated music, cd, video, etc. in contrast, the music and video industry will become profitable when consumers purchase music or video legally. To encounter the issues of copyright, there are two recommended options:

• Purchase music and video legally to ensure that copyright holder receives compensation.
• Prevent from downloading pirated music.

        In the conclusion, copyright is the government decided obligation. We cannot come up to compelling argument for it; it's up to those who have fenced off the public's rights to come up with good reasons. I also believe most people who involve in file sharing or downloading without permission, do not believe that what they do is stealing and violate law of copyright. 

Reference

• PBS, Copyright Law & Fair Use, viewed 7 June 2012, http://www.pbs.org/teachers/copyright/fairuse.html
• Matt Brundage, 2011, Online piracy and the distribution of copyrighted music files. Ethical, moral, and legal considerations, viewed 7 June 2012, http://mattbrundage.com/publications/online-piracy/

Social Media, Facebook Help People Stand Up in Tunisia, Egypt

      As technology of internet improved to cause politics become increasingly intertwined, the people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are start browsing common social media tools like Facebook and twitter to organize and make their opinions and voices heard as they demand reform.  For examples, the citizen in Tunisia and Egypt start of military action through Facebook and Twitter to show the power and weaknesses of these communication tools. 

Sources: http://www.dw.de/image/0,,6486428_4,00.jpg

       Nowadays, social media has improved and come out with the new era of democratic media. In the past, the media like radio, television, newspapers and magazines were the only sources of news (IIP Digital, 2011). Since technologies of internet had improved, and this allows most internet users able to access quickly to information, and even lets them provide a lot of information and contributes to the journalism. And the new media such as, blogs, podcasts, social media platforms and other technology-based communication tools will influence the society.Besides that, social media is also just one of the tools that can use to inform the people about what's happening in our society. Technology bridges the gap of the freedom to speak and the authorities that can help us aid our problem. 

Sources: http://www.onlinesocialmedia.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Tunisia-twitter-revolution2-300x213.jpg

          In the past, TV came to play a major role as a medium for summarizing public opinions. And now in the Internet age, the significance of this concept of public sphere is being reviewed again (Sasayama). According to Pieter De Wilde (2012), public sphere carries an understudied normative value by offering citizens with in-groups and out-groups stimulating a sense of belonging. Furthermore, it presents citizens with a meaningful choice during elections and with regards to organizational membership in terms of policies, thus reengaging them in politics. However, the power of social media is evident in some historical events. That's why communists’ countries stop the people access to it but it’s unstoppable.

Sources: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJfaZimb_Jgl8G58TKgHFQ26URbSW0GeElAMb8esqIf0lUoq655yow6Bxj7v7f5A6ZbJkbDLovA34RLO8e_rP73KjK_YOB8c1XlzQyOu5t_-N7t0QcuTUzT_NBWj8l8_Iq13UCTpnuBA_W/s1600/Social+Media+Revolution.JPG

      In the conclusion, social media can be developed as public sphere as a part of social life where people can exchange views on difficulties to the common good, so that public opinion can be formed and the news and information can spread very fast. But social media also can bring a lot of disadvantage at the same time, such as wrong information and so on.

 

Reference

• IIP Digital, 2011, Social Media and Citizen Journalists, viewed 5 June 2012,http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/audio/2011/04/20110408183323enilorac0.6075817.html#ixzz1wviitKIb
• Alinta Thornton, public sphere, viewed 5 June 2012, http://www.zipworld.com.au/~athornto/thesis2.htm
• Sasayama, Expansion of various public spheres will change Japan in the 21st century, viewed 6 June 2012, http://www.sasayama.or.jp/english/opinion_e/S_E_13.htm
• Pieter De Wilde, 2012, Difference and Democracy Exploring Potentials in Europe and Beyond, Kolja Raube, Annika Sattler, Saskia Mestern, eds., Campus Verlag, 2011

The highly sexual art of selling perfume

         Nowadays, sex appeals seem able to capture the attention of the consumer, which is one of the main goals of advertising; sex can be displayed in advertising in many forms. The most common appearance is the models wear the sexy or revealing clothing. For example, Madonna just released her first fragrance advertisement and statement, true or dare. However, the response of this advertisement and statement was not good. Most of the people are unhappy with this advertisement because of the display of this advertisement.  Besides that, the Disney-owned ABC network in the States rapidly found problem with the amount of cleavage she was displaying and banned the ad until the creators agreed to a re-edit.

         Sexual appeals already become a part of marketing since the introduction of modern advertising. This mean the technique often used in combination of bandwagon mentality with repetition, or alleged subconscious messages.  According to Daniel Korn (2006), the use of sex appeals can use to  increasingly popular  to sell products, namely those that are image-based, such as  liquor, jewelry, cosmetics and, especially fragrance. E. Chinen, K. Karnicky, C. Lee, R. Mitchell, S. Varner, (2004) said that there are many cases that fragrance company use sexual as their advertisement and because of this the issue of ethics arises ,so this issue must be discussed.

Sources: http://qmt323e.wikispaces.com/file/view/perfume-757275.jpg

       On the other hand, female always appear and sometimes without men in the fragrance advertisement. Women were also always presented in sexy situation in the fragrance advertisement.  In contrast, male were always difficult to displayed the same pose as women presented in the fragrance advertisement. Furthermore, women displayed sexy in advertisement sometime is irrelevant and unnecessary.

Sources: http://nadinejolie.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Keira-Knightley-Chanel-Coco-Mademoiselle.jpg

Sources: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFi96nEDNr2f9umKhzK1TrYTXj73pRxNZTsxyGknMDCPOe4GaBPi-xM4WREIhE5T5qtzBpgQfb8Qx8cUMT41_he6ZBTsc5iTiRgQIf-CeHhQkRobqXKs-E9jgmLazdj7E53bDpPeAtezI/s1600/img097.jpg

Sources: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGELJG3g2xu-vu285a3Jljr-88t__JS0cN0J5VUsiAYIxsFHwRHJqaIDRVNsiz7DuahR30r0jsHav_Y3HpdZvDWrXJnKj9tRF5s2f_4FxF2ttVivj0sbaF-48inMf2IBLnfGSBXskpbcI/s1600/img100.jpg

      In the conclusion, sexuality seems inevitable in advertising; the question of ‘is it ethical’ arises. Sexual advertisement will make people feeling it is unethical and unhappy because sometimes this kind of advertisement will give a wrong message or information to audience. Besides that, these sexual advertisements make the audience feel poor, embarrassed and bad impressions to the models.

Reference

• Manfred Milinski,Claus Wedekind, 2000, Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preferences in humans, viewed 7 June, 2012, http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/2/140.full
• Daniel Korn, 2006, Ethical Judgments of Sexual Appeals in Advertising Image - Based Products to Teens, viewed 7 June 2012, http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=srhonorsprog
• E. Chinen, K. Karnicky, C. Lee, R. Mitchell, S. Varner, 2004, The Ethical Issues Of Using Sex In Advertising, viewed 7 June 2012, http://faculty.pepperdine.edu/kwaters/FYSeminar/case%20study%20example%201.htm

North Korea Restores Order to Kim Funeral With Photoshop

        Since the technologies had improved so much, the ethic of photojournalism had slowly degenerated.  Todays, some publication and news agency set their own publishing standards based on the value of the information, which mean which information will sell more papers then they will release. Besides that, some communist country will also control their news agency to prevent any unnecessary news and information to leak out.

      We look at the case of funeral procession for Kim Jong-Il, the version of photo taken by the Germany-based European press photo agency and transferred to North Korean news agency to release is different with a photo released by Japanese agency Kyodo News. In other words, North Korea New agency taken the picture from Germany-based European press photo agency and edited the photo then only they released the photo.  According to Mark Mooney (2011), the differentiation of photo release by between Japanese news agency and North Korea news agency is the Japanese news agency they captured a picture with a group of photojournalist and half-dozen men cross the line of funeral-goers on the left side of the boulevard. 

        Sources: http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/NKorea-photoshop-1.jpg

        However, the version photo of North Korean Central News Agency, those men cross the line of mourners on the left side of the boulevard have been digitally removed, restoring complete order to the crowds lining. The European Press photo Agency, also claims that North Korea news agency that they were not to use the picture of European Press photo Agency.

Sources: http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/NKorea-photoshop-2-620x388.jpg

         After finding this issue in photojournalism, nobody wonder where photojournalistic ethics are going. According to Bersak, (Dr, 2006), there are few factors will extremely affect the ethical setting.  These include the integration of digital photography, the improvement of photo technology, and the omnipresence of photo technology.

        In the conclusion, photojournalism and publishing should be put in ethical way. The role of photojournalism and publishing should be :

• To ensure every public's business is shown in public and make sure every journalist has right to gather news.
• To ensure every news released are not include political involvements or give the opinion of includes own thinking to appearance of compromising one's own journalistic independence .
• To ensure be humble in handle different case.
• Protect the value and integrity of the photographic moment.

Reference

• Bersak, DR 2006, Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future, online, viewed  6 June 2012,  http://web.mit.edu/drb/Public/PhotoThesis/
• Mark Mooney, 2011, North Korea Restores Order to Kim Funeral With Photoshop, viewed 6 June 2012, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2011/12/north-korea-restores-order-to-kim-funeral-with-photoshop/