British internet firms ordered to block Pirate Bay

        sources: http://www.worldtvpc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/pirate-bay.jpg

       

       Nowadays, there are a lot of websites that provide file-sharing services and allow all of the internet users to access, download files without permission. So there are 5 internet services provider of top file-sharing website in Britain were forced to block, because they feel is unfair and unethical to musicians, musicians, sound engineers and video editors, and they deserve to be paid for their work just like everyone else. In other words, the websites that provide file-sharing service can be defined as violating the law of copyright.

Sources: http://allenmendelsohn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/copyrightcriminal.jpg

         According to PBS, copyright law is the law use to protect the original works of the owner from copy by people. An author, artist, musician, producer, or the owners of a file are usually protected by copyright law. To ensure every owner be protected, every users should purchase, or with permission in order to compensate them.

The artists and the musicians decide to distribute their music through sales of several media, and it's only because they are try to avoid those distribution channels that we are able to get songs for free online. (slashdot.com)

Sources: http://media.smashingmagazine.com/images/copyright/copyright-explained.jpg

       

        The issue of copyright is a not about the loss of copy suffers, but based on common sense that we should purchase for the file enjoy.

According to Matt Brundage, (2011), an unauthorized file sharing or without permission will make industry becomes unprofitable, such as pirated music, cd, video, etc. in contrast, the music and video industry will become profitable when consumers purchase music or video legally. To encounter the issues of copyright, there are two recommended options:

• Purchase music and video legally to ensure that copyright holder receives compensation.
• Prevent from downloading pirated music.

        In the conclusion, copyright is the government decided obligation. We cannot come up to compelling argument for it; it's up to those who have fenced off the public's rights to come up with good reasons. I also believe most people who involve in file sharing or downloading without permission, do not believe that what they do is stealing and violate law of copyright. 

Reference

• PBS, Copyright Law & Fair Use, viewed 7 June 2012, http://www.pbs.org/teachers/copyright/fairuse.html
• Matt Brundage, 2011, Online piracy and the distribution of copyrighted music files. Ethical, moral, and legal considerations, viewed 7 June 2012, http://mattbrundage.com/publications/online-piracy/

Social Media, Facebook Help People Stand Up in Tunisia, Egypt

      As technology of internet improved to cause politics become increasingly intertwined, the people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are start browsing common social media tools like Facebook and twitter to organize and make their opinions and voices heard as they demand reform.  For examples, the citizen in Tunisia and Egypt start of military action through Facebook and Twitter to show the power and weaknesses of these communication tools. 

Sources: http://www.dw.de/image/0,,6486428_4,00.jpg

       Nowadays, social media has improved and come out with the new era of democratic media. In the past, the media like radio, television, newspapers and magazines were the only sources of news (IIP Digital, 2011). Since technologies of internet had improved, and this allows most internet users able to access quickly to information, and even lets them provide a lot of information and contributes to the journalism. And the new media such as, blogs, podcasts, social media platforms and other technology-based communication tools will influence the society.Besides that, social media is also just one of the tools that can use to inform the people about what's happening in our society. Technology bridges the gap of the freedom to speak and the authorities that can help us aid our problem. 

Sources: http://www.onlinesocialmedia.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Tunisia-twitter-revolution2-300x213.jpg

          In the past, TV came to play a major role as a medium for summarizing public opinions. And now in the Internet age, the significance of this concept of public sphere is being reviewed again (Sasayama). According to Pieter De Wilde (2012), public sphere carries an understudied normative value by offering citizens with in-groups and out-groups stimulating a sense of belonging. Furthermore, it presents citizens with a meaningful choice during elections and with regards to organizational membership in terms of policies, thus reengaging them in politics. However, the power of social media is evident in some historical events. That's why communists’ countries stop the people access to it but it’s unstoppable.

Sources: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJfaZimb_Jgl8G58TKgHFQ26URbSW0GeElAMb8esqIf0lUoq655yow6Bxj7v7f5A6ZbJkbDLovA34RLO8e_rP73KjK_YOB8c1XlzQyOu5t_-N7t0QcuTUzT_NBWj8l8_Iq13UCTpnuBA_W/s1600/Social+Media+Revolution.JPG

      In the conclusion, social media can be developed as public sphere as a part of social life where people can exchange views on difficulties to the common good, so that public opinion can be formed and the news and information can spread very fast. But social media also can bring a lot of disadvantage at the same time, such as wrong information and so on.

 

Reference

• IIP Digital, 2011, Social Media and Citizen Journalists, viewed 5 June 2012,http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/audio/2011/04/20110408183323enilorac0.6075817.html#ixzz1wviitKIb
• Alinta Thornton, public sphere, viewed 5 June 2012, http://www.zipworld.com.au/~athornto/thesis2.htm
• Sasayama, Expansion of various public spheres will change Japan in the 21st century, viewed 6 June 2012, http://www.sasayama.or.jp/english/opinion_e/S_E_13.htm
• Pieter De Wilde, 2012, Difference and Democracy Exploring Potentials in Europe and Beyond, Kolja Raube, Annika Sattler, Saskia Mestern, eds., Campus Verlag, 2011

The highly sexual art of selling perfume

         Nowadays, sex appeals seem able to capture the attention of the consumer, which is one of the main goals of advertising; sex can be displayed in advertising in many forms. The most common appearance is the models wear the sexy or revealing clothing. For example, Madonna just released her first fragrance advertisement and statement, true or dare. However, the response of this advertisement and statement was not good. Most of the people are unhappy with this advertisement because of the display of this advertisement.  Besides that, the Disney-owned ABC network in the States rapidly found problem with the amount of cleavage she was displaying and banned the ad until the creators agreed to a re-edit.

         Sexual appeals already become a part of marketing since the introduction of modern advertising. This mean the technique often used in combination of bandwagon mentality with repetition, or alleged subconscious messages.  According to Daniel Korn (2006), the use of sex appeals can use to  increasingly popular  to sell products, namely those that are image-based, such as  liquor, jewelry, cosmetics and, especially fragrance. E. Chinen, K. Karnicky, C. Lee, R. Mitchell, S. Varner, (2004) said that there are many cases that fragrance company use sexual as their advertisement and because of this the issue of ethics arises ,so this issue must be discussed.

Sources: http://qmt323e.wikispaces.com/file/view/perfume-757275.jpg

       On the other hand, female always appear and sometimes without men in the fragrance advertisement. Women were also always presented in sexy situation in the fragrance advertisement.  In contrast, male were always difficult to displayed the same pose as women presented in the fragrance advertisement. Furthermore, women displayed sexy in advertisement sometime is irrelevant and unnecessary.

Sources: http://nadinejolie.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Keira-Knightley-Chanel-Coco-Mademoiselle.jpg

Sources: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFi96nEDNr2f9umKhzK1TrYTXj73pRxNZTsxyGknMDCPOe4GaBPi-xM4WREIhE5T5qtzBpgQfb8Qx8cUMT41_he6ZBTsc5iTiRgQIf-CeHhQkRobqXKs-E9jgmLazdj7E53bDpPeAtezI/s1600/img097.jpg

Sources: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGELJG3g2xu-vu285a3Jljr-88t__JS0cN0J5VUsiAYIxsFHwRHJqaIDRVNsiz7DuahR30r0jsHav_Y3HpdZvDWrXJnKj9tRF5s2f_4FxF2ttVivj0sbaF-48inMf2IBLnfGSBXskpbcI/s1600/img100.jpg

      In the conclusion, sexuality seems inevitable in advertising; the question of ‘is it ethical’ arises. Sexual advertisement will make people feeling it is unethical and unhappy because sometimes this kind of advertisement will give a wrong message or information to audience. Besides that, these sexual advertisements make the audience feel poor, embarrassed and bad impressions to the models.

Reference

• Manfred Milinski,Claus Wedekind, 2000, Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preferences in humans, viewed 7 June, 2012, http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/2/140.full
• Daniel Korn, 2006, Ethical Judgments of Sexual Appeals in Advertising Image - Based Products to Teens, viewed 7 June 2012, http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=srhonorsprog
• E. Chinen, K. Karnicky, C. Lee, R. Mitchell, S. Varner, 2004, The Ethical Issues Of Using Sex In Advertising, viewed 7 June 2012, http://faculty.pepperdine.edu/kwaters/FYSeminar/case%20study%20example%201.htm

North Korea Restores Order to Kim Funeral With Photoshop

        Since the technologies had improved so much, the ethic of photojournalism had slowly degenerated.  Todays, some publication and news agency set their own publishing standards based on the value of the information, which mean which information will sell more papers then they will release. Besides that, some communist country will also control their news agency to prevent any unnecessary news and information to leak out.

      We look at the case of funeral procession for Kim Jong-Il, the version of photo taken by the Germany-based European press photo agency and transferred to North Korean news agency to release is different with a photo released by Japanese agency Kyodo News. In other words, North Korea New agency taken the picture from Germany-based European press photo agency and edited the photo then only they released the photo.  According to Mark Mooney (2011), the differentiation of photo release by between Japanese news agency and North Korea news agency is the Japanese news agency they captured a picture with a group of photojournalist and half-dozen men cross the line of funeral-goers on the left side of the boulevard. 

        Sources: http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/NKorea-photoshop-1.jpg

        However, the version photo of North Korean Central News Agency, those men cross the line of mourners on the left side of the boulevard have been digitally removed, restoring complete order to the crowds lining. The European Press photo Agency, also claims that North Korea news agency that they were not to use the picture of European Press photo Agency.

Sources: http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/NKorea-photoshop-2-620x388.jpg

         After finding this issue in photojournalism, nobody wonder where photojournalistic ethics are going. According to Bersak, (Dr, 2006), there are few factors will extremely affect the ethical setting.  These include the integration of digital photography, the improvement of photo technology, and the omnipresence of photo technology.

        In the conclusion, photojournalism and publishing should be put in ethical way. The role of photojournalism and publishing should be :

• To ensure every public's business is shown in public and make sure every journalist has right to gather news.
• To ensure every news released are not include political involvements or give the opinion of includes own thinking to appearance of compromising one's own journalistic independence .
• To ensure be humble in handle different case.
• Protect the value and integrity of the photographic moment.

Reference

• Bersak, DR 2006, Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future, online, viewed  6 June 2012,  http://web.mit.edu/drb/Public/PhotoThesis/
• Mark Mooney, 2011, North Korea Restores Order to Kim Funeral With Photoshop, viewed 6 June 2012, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2011/12/north-korea-restores-order-to-kim-funeral-with-photoshop/

Screen vs print design

Nowadays, layout design and writing structures are so important for author to create document. If a document come out with poor layout design and writing structures, reader may get confused, misunderstand the message that document provided, or just ignore this kind of document. So the first impression of the document is so important, because a document with nice design may catch out reader attention. According to jakob Nielsen, 1999, print design is a layout with much attention; the reader can turn the page obviously, whereas webpage is about the foundations of scrolling experience. In other words, print design is linear order, static, physical arrangements like magazines, book and so on. Screen is landscape orientation, like a webpage.


There a lot of consideration when we designing a magazine or book. According to Susan Hilligoss, Tharon Howard, 2002, we should consider the factor like color, text, and setting of the magazines. Amanda Kern said that the purpose of the magazine should be considered; knowing your goals as well as your target audience plays a big role in how you might design a page layout.


Example of magazines

source :http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/2006/1101061023_400.jpg

According to John Morkes, Jakob Nielson, 1997, when we are writing for web, we should writing concise and scannable text. In other words, it means we should try to reduce paragraph and word as possible, because most of the readers are hard to read a text with a lot of words. Furthermore, the website that we design should be easy to navigate, easy to find and easy to read. So that reader can read comfortably. 

Example of webpage 

Source : http://www.smithfieldpcrepair.com/business-website-template-1-big.jpg

Reference

Susan Hilligoss, Tharon Howard, 2002, visual communication a writer;s guide second edition, viewed 9 April 9, 2012, http://www.ablongman.com/mycomplab_content/pdf/long_hilligoss.pdf

Amanda Kern, page layout design, viewed 9 April 2012, http://www.valenciawebstudio.com/articles/design/pagelayout/layout-all.html

Jakob Nielsen, 1999, difference between print design and web design, viewed 9 April 2012, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990124.html

John Morkes, Jakob Nielson, 1997, concise, scannable, objective: how to write for web?
viewed 12 April 2012, http://www.useit.com/papers/webwriting/writing.html

New form of media publishing

source: http://www.technobloggers.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Social-Media-Icons.png

Since network technology is improving, the communication environment is rapidly changing. According to (Chris Willis, and Shayne Bowman, 2009,) mobile phones, portable cameras, and blogs is rapidly replacing traditional media to become more reliable and convenience. With the growth of internet, new form of media publishing are became more responsive and easier to handle, and the information that using new form of media publishing also can received the most attention from the public. Youtube, Facebook, Twitter, online newspapers are the most common example new form of media publishing.  Nowadays, we can spread personal news and common news quickly through Facebook by just sharing and click the “like”. 

Source: http://howtousetumblr.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/facebook-like-buton1.png

Source : http://blogs-images.forbes.com/tomiogeron/files/2012/02/facebook_logo2.png







According to Joe Britton 2011,  the reason why Facebook to become so common is it because Facebook can interact with their friends, look at pictures that user uploaded, see what's going on, and many people are not fans of brands or want to even see ads on Facebook.

According to Walsh (2006, pp30), website can combine text and images by include music, video clip, and animation to make reader able to take the cues from the website.  With the structured special text and images in website, it may catch or attract reader attention. So this is the reason why social media is so popular and replace the traditional form of media publishing.



Reference

Walsh, M 2006, 'Reading words, images and screen: reading an internet site or hypertext', The 'textual shift': Examining the reading process with print, visual and multimodal texts, Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 24-37.

Joe Britton, 2011, why social media works? Viewed 9 April 9, 2012, http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-11-12/tech/30391322_1_social-media-advertisers-social-graph

Chris Willis, Shayne Bowman, 2009, Citizen Journalism: The Key Trend Shaping Online News Media - Introductory Guide With Videos, viewed 9 April 2012, http://www.masternewmedia.org/citizen-journalism-the-key-trend-shaping-online-news-media/#ixzz1rUrA1fx4

Blogging community & how a community is built

According to Britta kinkeldei, 2007, blog community is one of the sub-categories to gaining more recognition. In other words, blog community is community that where people can read our blog, picture and chat with the people all around the world. We can share our life experience, business and so on by using blog community, so our friends and other people may comment, then will got follower out latest update. The advantage of established blog community is the user finding new friends or people all around the world by networking. According to Darren Rowse 2009, there are 8 tips to build community, there are starts with comments, reader centered posts, interactive tools and projects, invite reader generated content, become a cheer leader, give reader jobs, set reader homework and give multiple avenues to join or be a member.

According to Nancy White, 2006, there are three type of blog community; there are one blog centric community, topic centric community and boundaries community. One blog centric community usually are owned by one owner or organisation, but there is a lot of blogger writing this kind of blog. Topic centric community is basically talked about common topic linked by blog and community.  Boundaries communities are single site or platform by combination of blog and blog reader.

An example of topic centric community is

source : http://www.travelblog.org/

This blog is a collection and combination of most of the tourist’s blog, it included review, guides and photos. Tourists can upload anything about the travel to this blog. This community is build for tourist, so the tourist can share travel experience and opinion or leave some comment to communicate with other reader.  

 Reference

Nancy White, 2006, blogs and community –launching a new paradigm for online community?, viewed 8 April 2012, http://kt.flexiblelearning.net.au/tkt2006/edition-11-editorial/blogs-and-community-%E2%80%93-launching-a-new-paradigm-for-online-community

Britta kinkeldei, 2007, forging connection and promoting growth through blog communities, viewed 8 April 2012, http://www.21publish.com/pub/21publish/blogging-whitepaper.pdf

Darren Rowse, 2009, 8 tips for building community on your blog, viewed 8 April 2012,http://www.problogger.net/archives/2009/02/28/8-tips-for-building-community-on-your-blog/

Classification of blogs & opinion about the most appropriate classification approach

Nowadays, with the evolution of new ecosystem, there a lot of people are starting use blog. So a lot of people will come out many different type of blog for them to publishing. According to Wordpress, blog can be divided into personal, business, schools, Non-profits, politics, military, private, sports and How-to, tips and review.  

Personal blog is talking about personal topics like their own activities; own thoughts, music, travels, and everything happened to them. The personal blog’s topic, style, format is different with the taxanomy blogs. In personal blog, the style and format usually is informal, for example, the way of their writing, and they will use their own specific words to describe something that we can’t usually see in the serious blog. We took an example in Malaysia; Malaysia is a mutli-racial country and so there a lot of language. In personal blogs, some bloggers may use different language and mix up together to writing their blogs. 

In business blog, there will be different with personal blog, business owner can also promote their product by blogging. When we look at business blog, the format will be a little formal if compared to personal blog.

 Source : http://thirstyblogger.my/

source: http://www.library.ohiou.edu/subjects/businessblog/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/crepes.png

Reference


Word press, type of blog, viewed 20 Marche 2012, http://en.wordpress.com/types-of-blogs/

Blogosphere phenomenon & benefit

source: http://www.abu-farhan.com/wp-content/uploads/blogger_logo.png

Nowadays, the way that we are communicated is changing. For example, in the past we are using diary to record down personal daily experience or thoughts and so on. In this century, people are start to using blog to substitute diary. In my own words, blog can be defined as personal diary online. In other words, blog can be the way of communication, because it can interact with each other.  According to ( Technorati,2011), blogs is frequently evolving. (Technorati,2011) also said that, In 2011, bloggers are updating and spending time on their blogs more. (Julian,2010) said that there are 2 million blogger in Malaysia. In Malaysia, blog can be used in political, business and casual.

According to (John Naughton, 2006), “the new ecosystem will be richer, more diverse and immeasurably more complex because of the number of content producers, the density of the interactions between them and their products, the speed with which actors in this space can communicate with one another, and the pace of development made possible by global networking.” However, there are a lot of benefits of blogging. In my personal view, blogging can improve our writing skill and own thought. In business, blog can help business to build community and better communication with customer. Besides that, blog is also cheap and easier to use. 

Reference

Technorati, 2001, State of the Blogosphere 2011: Introduction and Methodology, viewed 20 March 2012, http://technorati.com/social-media/article/state-of-the-blogosphere-2011-introduction/#ixzz1qMkJ97jS http://technorati.com/social-media/article/state-of-the-blogosphere-2011-introduction/#ixzz1qMkAptHE

Julian, 2010, How many Malaysian blogs are there?, viewed 20 March 2012,
http://julianhopkins.net/index.php?/archives/293-How-many-Malaysian-blogs-are-there.html

John Naughton, 2006, blogging and the emerging media ecosystem, viewed 20 March 2012,
http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/discussion/blogging.pdf

Purpose of creating blog

Blogging are so common and popular currently. Blog can be defined as online diary, most of the people are sharing their personal thoughts, opinion or their life experience and allow other audience to leave comment and so on. Since the blog is easy to use and free of charge, blog also can be a marketing tool for businessman to promote their product.